Language and Culture Essay

One’s culture affects almost all of one’s communication behaviors. I discovered an article written by Margaret Cote, â€Å"Language Reflects Culture,† that reveals many of the differences between the Saulteaux language and the English language. Margaret Cote states, â€Å"Language determines the way a person views the world. † She describes how Indian people view things around them differently then English speaking people do. Margaret Cote says that she views the world around her in two different ways depending on what language she is speaking. In this paper I will discuss how attitudes and behavior are determined by the language one speaks and how language does indeed reflect a culture. One’s culture determines the way one processes information and how one copes with reality. Concepts and objects have frames of reference that differ from culture to culture. The meaning of a word partly depends on the culture’s historical relation to the concept or object described. When Margaret Cope returns home the topic of the conversation determines the language she speaks. Different cultures see the world differently. The Saulteaux people are extremely concerned with exactness and have different words for we and you, depending on whether they are being inclusive or exclusive. American culture is not as concerned with exactness and therefore we use the words we and you differently. Different cultures have different beliefs and values and these are expressed in their language, whether it be verbal or non-verbal. Many misunderstandings occur in intercultural communications because many are unaware of these differences. It is important for one to learn the differences of various cultures for one to understand one’s own identity. It is through knowing about others that one learns what is truly important to oneself. Language Reflects a Culture Languages group aspects of reality together. Things that are important to a culture have many groups and words for those things. Things that are insignificant have fewer groups and words. For example, there are many different words for car in the English language, because cars are very important to us. In the Saulteaux language there are many words for snow, because snow is an important factor for them. Both verbal and non-verbal communication reflects whether or not a culture values individualism or collectivism. Individualistic cultures value self-expression, speak out to solve problems and are confrontational when dealing with interpersonal problems. In collectivist cultures people have unconditional loyalty to the group and use avoidance, and face-saving techniques to solve problems (Hybels, S. & Weaver, R. (2007). P. 64). Culture determines one’s long-term or short-term orientation. In cultures with long-term orientation people value tradition, persistence, relationships by status, and having a sense of shame. In cultures with short-term orientation people do not value tradition as much because it tends to prevent innovation, nor do they have the same sense of shame or need to save face (p. 65). Communication between different cultures can be difficult. Many individuals either lack knowledge of other cultures or are just naive when it comes to dealing with individuals from other cultures. There are many barriers to intercultural communication, including ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Ethnocentrism is when one believes one’s own cultural norms and ways of thinking are superior to all other cultures. Ethnocentrism becomes a barrier to intercultural communication when one refuses to believe that another culture’s beliefs have any real value. It prevents one from seeing another’s point of view and greatly hampers empathy (p. 66). Stereotyping is oversimplifying or distorting views of another culture. Stereotypes categorize and generalize the information we receive daily. The problem with stereotypes is once they are established they are difficult to remove. Individuals tend to view things that fit the stereotype rather than see things that dispute them. This can be a barrier to intercultural communication because if one believes a negative stereotype about a certain culture they are much less likely to empathize with them (p. 66). Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a cultural group. These attitudes are usually based on little or no experience. When one has prejudice feelings towards another cultural group they do not like them because of some unseen or unproven fact. This greatly hampers intercultural communication because when one has a prejudice they form an opinion about a person before they even get to know them. Stereotypes often lead to prejudice. Getting to know individuals from different cultures assists one in eliminating prejudice (p. 67). Discrimination takes stereotypes and prejudice one step further by excluding, avoiding, and distancing oneself from other cultural groups. Discrimination is a barrier to intercultural communication because it does not allow interaction between different cultural groups. When one does not experience interactions with other cultural groups they are unable to learn about different beliefs and values. In closing, language is a pattern that ascertains the shape our thoughts and experiences take. One’s culture affects almost all of one’s communication behaviors. It determines how one views the world. The words and actions of individuals are determined by one’s culture. Communication behaviors are mostly learned when one is young by imitating those around one. Culture affects one’s attitudes and behaviors, and it reflects exactly what is most important to the people of that culture. Learning about different cultures can assist one when having intercultural communications. When we open our minds and hearts we are much less likely to stereotype, be prejudice against, or to discriminate against individuals that are different then ourselves. Being open and accepting of others makes intercultural communications a rewarding experience.

Image of Nursing Essay

Every nurse should be concerned with the overall image of nursing. Nursing is considered to be the most trusted, honest and ethical profession. The media and the public will continually critique how nurses perform in and out of the clinical setting. Nursing protocols and guidelines have shaped nurses into professionals who have a great deal of knowledge and experience in their particular field. The image of nursing has changed a lot over the years and each nurse has a personal responsibility to maintain a positive overall image (Gambrell, 2004). Nurses should ask themselves how to confront and address the negative images of nursing. We need to be aware of how our appearance affects the delivery of healthcare. Tattoos, piercings and scrubs are very influential in the eyes of the patient and their families. Popular TV shows also portray nurses in a certain way that could cause common misconceptions. In recent years more males have been entering the nursing field and are taking on more duties as role models and mentors who are admired and respected (Hoeve, 2013). Nurses should incorporate communication, collaboration, critical thinking and clinical judgment into every aspect of their job. These qualities should begin in school and will hopefully remain with the nurse for the entirety of their career. Every single nurse is ultimately responsible for how the profession of nursing is  viewed. The â€Å"image† of nursing is very subjective and therefore, no absolute definition exits. The majority of a nurse’s work is invisible to all except the patients, their families and the organizations they work for. We’re always being watched and a positive attitude can go a long way in the eyes of the patients and their families. Nurses traditionally don’t have a strong relationship with the media. They tend to focus more on human-interest stories rather than professional abilities. By publicly sharing aspects of our jobs we are then able to enhance the public’s image of nursing. The image of nursing will successfully be enhanced because we will be seen as professionals who care for each other and support one another’s professional growth . I believe that every nurse, from new grads to clinical nurse 4’s, is absolutely responsible for the overall image of nursing. Public opinion shapes political agendas. Because public opinion is often based on inaccurate images, nurses must participate in the public arena to shape our image (Gambrell, 2004). Nurses are not given due recognition for the skills they have by the majority of the public. The essence of nursing is not always clear and nurses still suffer from many stereotypes including gender. The media often depict nurses working at the patient’s bedside and performing repetitive and routine tasks, mostly as the doctor’s handmaiden. The public image of nurses does not always match their professional image; nurses are not depicted as autonomous professionals and the public is not aware that nowadays nursing is to a great extent a theory-based and scholarly profession (Hoeve, 2013). As nurses, we should always strive to uphold a positive public image, self-concept and professional identity. The self-concept of nurses and their professional identity are determined by many factors, including public image, work environment, work values, education and culture. A negative public image may challenge nurses to look for successful strategies to improve their self-concept and to show their invaluable contribution to the healthcare system. I’m very proud to be in this field. References Gambrell, M. (2004). Improving Our Image a Nurse at a Time. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(10), 510-511. Hoeve, Y. T., Jansen, G., & Roodbol, P. (2013). The nursing profession: public image, self-concept and professional identity. A discussion paper. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(2), 295-309.

IBM’s Smarter Planet Essay

1.(a) Using Medtronic as an example, explain how a mission statement gives a strategic direction. (b) Create a mission statement for your own career. Answer: (a) A mission statement gives strategic direction by stating the â€Å"what† and â€Å"how† of a business in a clear, concise, meaningful, inspirational, statement that will continue to be relevant in the long-term. Medtronic’s mission statement identifies its customers, market, products and technology. They stated the business they are in and their specific goals. (b) It is my business to progressively coordinate strategic methods of empowerment and to do so with passion and commitment. 2.What competencies best describe (a) your college or university and (b) your favorite restaurant? Answer: (a) Wayne College to provides high quality, accessible credit and noncredit educational opportunities to the citizens of Wayne, Medina, and Holmes counties and surrounding areas, and partners with and resource for the communities and organizations it serves. (b) House of Hunan, Fairlawn, has quality Chinese, Thai, vegetarian, & sushi choices. Ambiance is reminiscent of old Chinatown and it is often full of patrons. Great chicken dishes, good dumplings, and very good quality beef. Service is good, food is fresh and satisfying, and the price is fair value. 3.Why does a product often start as a question mark and then move counterclockwise around the BCG’s growth-share matrix shown in Figure 2-4? Answer: When a product is introduced, it is usually a â€Å"question mark† because it is â€Å"new† and there is uncertainty about consumers’ acceptance of them. After a period of time, depending on the product category, the â€Å"not-so-new† product could be classified as a â€Å"star† if its growth rate is sizeable and had a significant share of the product category. If the growth rate in the product category falls substantially and there is great competition from competing brands, the product probably will fall in the â€Å"cash cow† category. If, however, the product isn’t supported with an effective marketing program, it could become a â€Å"dog.† 4.Select one strength, one weakness, one opportunity, and one threat from the SWOT analysis for Ben & Jerry’s shown in Figure 2-7. Suggest an action that a marketing manager there might take to address each factor. Answer: ~Strength: Recognized for its social mission, values and actions. This can be used to reinforce their â€Å"green† base consumers by constantly updating the â€Å"naturalness† of their ice cream according to current food trends. ~Weakness: B&J’s social responsibility actions could reduce focus. By focusing on the product, and constantly innovating flavors, more prospective customers (from all walks of life) could be gained. ~Opportunity: Increasing U.S. demand for 100-calorie novelties such as cones and bars. They could look into developing new products in the low-calorie, low-fat, low-carb, low-sugar spectrum of frozen desserts. ~Threat: Competes with General Mills and Nestle brands. Ben and Jerry’s can research which products and flavors are the most popular among the competing brands and use that as inspiration for new flavors in their own line. 5.What is the main result of each of the three phases of the strategic marketing process? (a) planning, (b) implementation, and (c) evaluation. Answer: (a) Planning phase. Results are formal marketing plans that identify specific objectives to be achieved by a particular time and the specific actions to achieve those objectives. (b) Implementation phase. Results are formal measurements of the results achieved, which can be compared with the plans established in the planning phase to determine if any deviations from plans occurred. (c) Evaluation phase. Results are new actions taken to exploit opportunities where deviations from plans are better than expected or corrective actions where deviations from plans are worse than expected. 6.The goal-setting step in the planning phase of the strategic marketing process sets quantified objectives for use in the evaluation phase. What does a manager do if measured results fail to meet objectives? Exceed objectives? Answer: If the marketing manager discovers a planning gap, which is a difference between the projection of the path to reach a new goal and the projection of the path of the results of a plan already in place for the marketing program, he or she can take the following actions: Failed Objectives: Correct a negative deviation by making minor or major changes to the existing marketing program of a product to better reflect future expectations in the marketing environment. Exceeded Objectives: Exploit a positive deviation by strengthening strategic partnerships and engage in a market development, or product development, strategy to maintain or enhance the firm’s position. 1.What is IBM’s â€Å"Smarter Planet† business strategy? How does this strategy relate to IBM’s mission and values? Answer: IBM’s â€Å"Smarter Planet† strategy is based on the company’s analysis that recognizes changes in the business environment and aims to create a global enterprise using connectivity. It includes the capability of telephones, computers, and other technology. This relates to IBM’s mission and values because they are a company that seeks out ways to keep their consumers happy and are looking for more ways to innovate by developing more advanced technologies. 2.Conduct a SWOT analysis for IBM’s Smarter Planet initiative. What are the relevant trends to consider for the next three to five years? Answer: ~Strengths: Well-known name, owns many new technologies and patents, market sector is well defined, high quality employees, satisfy customers’ wants and needs, and have a clear, concise mission statement. ~Weaknesses: With a big name like IBM, change may be difficult. Many of the products offered are not customizable. Lack of intercultural experience, narrow range of products offered, and most business products are geared towards large businesses. ~Opportunities: Offer new technologies and services locally and in developing countries. Smarter Planet involves new ways of thinking. ~Threats: potential securities risks. Demand for Smarter Planet solutions will depend on interest in change rather than just reaction to problems. In the next three to five years we are likely to see fewer trade barriers, the growth of developing economies, and increasing access to the internet. Growth markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Africa will be able to use IBM products. Customers will have a need for more custom-made technological solutions and cross-technology connectivity. Businesses will need analytics and optimization, cloud and smarter computing solutions and technology for the globally integrated enterprise. 3.How can IBM communicate its strategy to companies, cities, and governments? How is Watson a part of the communication strategy? Answer: The current CEO of IBM, Sam Palmisano, sent out a letter for their annual report, titled â€Å"Letter from the Chairman†. In this letter, he had a powerful statement about the Smarter Planet. According to him, Smarter Planet â€Å"is not a metaphor. It describes the infusion of intelligence into the way the world actually works, the way that almost anything-any person, any object, any process or any service, for any organization, large or small-can now become  digitally aware, networked, and intelligent.† Palmisano also met with some Wall Street financial advisors and held six-hour information sessions with investors to answer questions about their business strategy. IBM also used print and TV ads to campaign in more detail what Palmisano’s message was. These ads focused on the ability to improve the world now, with the help from IBM. The IBM website also supported the campaign with industry reports, video descriptions of the smarter planet concept, and stats a bout the improvements at smarter planet clients. Watson, which is an artificial intelligence program, was also part of the communication strategy. Watson was featured on the game show Jeopardy!, and competed against two different contestants, and won both times. By having Watson on TV, where millions of people could view it, this was one more way to provide a consistent and integrated message. 4.What are the benefits of the Smarter Planet initiative to (a) society and (b) IBM? Answer: (a) IBM’s Smarter Planet strategy benefits society by providing solutions for forward-thinking organizations that share a common outlook: they see change as an opportunity and they act on possibilities, not just react to problems. The retailers, who implemented smart systems to analyze buying behavior, merchandise assortment, and demand were able to cut supply chain costs by 30%, reduce inventory levels by 25%, and increase sales by 10%. The Memphis Police Department reduced crime by 28% by using IBM solutions to analyze its data. Banks are also using smart systems to track loans and manage risk, increasing efficiency and customer service. The solutions also help reduce costs, cut waste, improve efficiency, and increase productivity for companies, industries, and cities. (b) While there may be short-term costs involved in shifting IBM from commodity-based businesses to customizable businesses, IBM believes that the transformation will provide growth for the company and its employees, success for its customers, and improved value for its stockholders. 5.How should IBM measure the results of the Smarter Planet strategy? Answer: Since introducing the Smarter Planet strategy, IBM has collaborated with more than 600 organizations around the globe. In each case, there are different measures of the results of â€Å"smart† solutions. One of the important elements of Smarter Planet is you’re looking at the impact of investments on a whole system. You’re looking not just at internal operational improvements but at the effect on the company’s brand, at strategic advantages it brings and even at the impact on society.

The event which influenced me a lot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The event which influenced me a lot - Essay Example It all started when I look at some of the pictures of that devastating incident on my TV screen first. It all looked terribly bad. Hundreds and thousands of men, women and children live their lives without food, water and shelter. After this impression I tried to keep follow-up of that story. It al happened on the morning of 8th of October and I got first glimpse of that on 12th of October. Since world has been witnessed of so many tragedies in past two years, it awakens my interest in that. At the time of Tsunami, We were al amazed to witness something so huge swept across whole of the population from the face of the earth. This time around it all looked even more tragic. I know that South East Asia is not a very developed part of the world. They have their own set of problems. So I guessed at that time that it would not be very easy for them to get out of all that themselves. I mentioned the tragedy of tsunami. I saw pictures of that on net several times. But as far as my information is concerned I knew it from the newspapers that the effected area of tsunami was al plain fields. One big tidal wave came and destroyed everything in its vicinity. After the water of that tidal wave dried out, it was relatively east to get started with the rebuilding process. It was easy in those areas to transport food, medicines and other supplies as well. Injuries of water were of different type as well. When I made that comparison then I realized that it all looked very bad.I saw pictures of hungry children, people fighting for blankets and tents, rescue workers taking people out of the rubble without proper equipment and accessories, spending their nights under heavy rainfall and in bitter cold. It all took it away from me my sleep and appetite. As I got into thick of the things, I got information that UN reported that more than 4 million people were directly affected, prior to the commencement of winter snowfall in the Himalayan region. It is estimated that damages incurred are well over US$ 5 billion (Rs. 30 billion) Five crossing points were opened on the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan to facilitate the flow of humanitarian and medical aid to the affected region. It was broadcasted from the whole of the media channels that whole towns and cities were completely vanished from the face of earth. According to the officials death toll was around 87,350 and tally of injured people was around 100,000. I heard in reports that winter was approaching very fast in those areas and to keep all those helicopters in operation to provide them with tents and basic necessities they need huge sum of funds.Everyday channels all around the world were giving different web addresses where we all can donate our contribution to that poor people. I tried to gather something out of my own pocket money as my friends and I did at the time of Tsunami as well. I donated directly to Red Cross. I felt helpless. First it was Tsunami, second Katrina and then this massive earthquake. That is all I can do. Not more than that in the kind of conditions where even the best-developed nations felt helpless. I heard rescue workers saying on TV

Banking Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Banking Industry - Research Paper Example It was a considered a premier bank in the Asian region. In Japan, after opening its branch in 1866, the bank went on to become an adviser to the government on banking and currency. In 1888, it was the first bank to be established in Thailand, where it printed the country's first banknotes. Today HSBC proudly boasts of over 100 million customers around the world1, with 9500 offices in 85 countries and a diverse workforce of more than 335,000 people1. The bank has successfully completed 140 years of its presence in China in 2005 with UK having the biggest share of its operations with over 55,000 employees serving the bank customers. Political: Today the world is indeed divided into many political arenas on the basis of issues like economic policies, fundamentalism, terrorism, oil exploration, nuclear power etc. The banking industry is the one whose association is required in almost all types of businesses. In the times when economic liberalisation is in full swing all around the globe, the attitude of governments determines the fate of banking operations in any country. HSBC has so far been doing well in almost all parts of the world, without being associated with any major controversy. Economic: The economic policies being pursued by the government also... PESTLE factors include; Political: Today the world is indeed divided into many political arenas on the basis of issues like economic policies, fundamentalism, terrorism, oil exploration, nuclear power etc. The banking industry is the one whose association is required in almost all types of businesses. In the times when economic liberalisation is in full swing all around the globe, the attitude of governments determines the fate of banking operations in any country. HSBC has so far been doing well in almost all parts of the world, without being associated with any major controversy. Economic: The economic policies being pursued by the government also determines the banking and finance sector. For example, if the country has an open economic policy, pursuing the globalisation and liberalization policies, that indicate more and frequent business operations, diversifications, expansions, mergers, acquisitions etc. which in turn imply more opportunities for the banking sector. HSBC having majority market share in many markets like UK and USA, heavily depends on economic factors. At present the indications of recessionary trends from many markets, doesn't bode well for banking sector in general and HSBC in particular. Socio-cultural: The society in general has a big influence on any business and the banking and finance industry is certainly not an exception. The saving habits, the spending habits, holidaying practices and the lifestyle determine the extent to which banking industry will be affected by such factors. Technology: Impact of technology can be seen in almost all walks of life today. The increasing emphasis on online banking, e-commerce etc. requires that banks invest good amount in making available reliable

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crucible by Arthur Miller - Essay Example the crimes he did not commit the author started thinking about the concepts of â€Å"victims† and â€Å"villains† and of the controversy of the absolute truth. It turns out that it is rather easy to pass from one category into another because determining truth and lie still requires enormous efforts even in court. Social moral and religion create enormous pressure on each and every human and fragile psyche sometimes cannot withstand that. In reality most of people are accusatory and would rather point to someone else`s vice than admit one`s guilt. For some people their reputation turns out to be much more important than ultimate truth. Under pressure of the society and in fear of punishment people are prone to change their beliefs and opinions and reveal their faint-heartedness. But it is well-known that people are prone to show their real nature only in critical situation. So extreme circumstances in which the characters of Miller`s play find themselves reveal their tr ue nature: some turn out to be villains and some victims of social moral, some are prone to bend under the pressure of probable punishment and some only find inner power in difficult situation, some act out of altruism and some care about their own life and happiness. Three characters of the play, Reverend Hale, Reverend Parris, and John Proctor, find themselves in extreme situation and each of them transforms his views throughout the play to show eventually his true self. Despite the fact that in 17th century people live under close observation of church, they still act as ordinary people-make mistakes, lie, make sins. In his play â€Å"The Crucible† there is a number of characters who switch the roles of â€Å"victims† to â€Å"villains† depending on their words and actions. It is sometimes very difficult to blame people strictly taking into account fragile In his play Miller suggests that it is impossible to remain in one role of either â€Å"a victim† or â€Å"a villain† for long because

Nestle Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nestle - Coursework Example A law was passed that ensures every piece of meat or poultry bared the inspected for wholesomeness by U.S. Department of Agriculture stamp. The following claims made Nestle drew a conclusion that the government responding fast in protecting the lives of people from harmful bacteria. Moreover, bearing the fact that humans are on the top of the food chain they are prone to many dangers associated with food poisoning (Nestle 11-30). On the other hand, the government has not exhausted its operations in ensuring protection of feed supply to animals bearing in mind that they are what people eat. Cattle and chicken feed on plant-based products that might contain harmful materials and are transferred to people’s bodies in the food chain. In addition, these animals are given drugs that question the safety of the food we eat. Even with an effort of the federal government to call upon the inspection of animal feed producers, federal food safety agencies have failed in maintaining these regulations. How can we be sure of what we eat if the government does not protect our health? Nestle ideas are more convincing because they make people aware of dangers they expose themselves to while consuming meat, poultry and fish especially where the source is not known. The omnivore’s delusion is also another problem pointed out by Nestle in relation to what animals and poultry eat. Nestle calls for people to adopt crop farming because it increases nitrogen concentration in the air and acts as a good source of food. When more people turn into crop production, prices of food in the market decreases and farmers struggle at producing the best quality products. Farmers also get advices on various ways to raise food depending on the market demands. Crop production in a preferable manner increases food safety especially when farmers use accepted chemicals. In addition, crops especially beans act as alternative sources of

PR Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Strategy - Case Study Example Continued advertising after a purchase gives the customer public acknowledgment of his wise choice, and tends to eliminate or reduce cognitive dissonance. The customer is reassured and resold. Repeat business is the avenue to continued success, and post sale financial services often the course to repeat business. The objective of PR is to guide consumption decisions in an objective manner, aggregate mass demand so that financial services can be stabilized and supported. It can foster interfirm coordination and linkages of investors and clients. The objective of PR is to perform the necessary functions of informing and persuading, which are both complementary and conflicting. The former includes media, appeal, advertiser, copy, theme, and layout. The latter, containing the individual differences of people and their psychological, social, and economic situations, intervenes between the sender and the receiver of marketing information. The organizations publics are diverse involving potential target clients and economists, financial institutions and banks. Thus, the PR campaign will concentrate on the professionals willing to buy primary and secondary residence. For this target audience, social learning also includes a well-structured set of interpersonal communication strategies that operate almost in tandem with mass media to give target audience members support for trying the recommended behavior and further reinforcement for maintaining the behavior. The second market segment will involve retirees purchasing a primary or secondary residence. This more focused emphasis on behavior change requires utilizing the mass media up to and including the modellng of recommended new behavior, whereas mass media were utilized in the persuasion/learning effects model to generate awareness and interest. The third group will involve families and individuals purchasing recreational properties. Also, the PR audience will involve financial professionals and brokers, investors and other financial institutions interested in this type of services. The aim is to attract international attention to the brand and inform the public about services and opportunities proposed by McBride. PR communications have meaning to the extent that an individual's predisposition or experience permits him to see, hear, or read them. The main geographical are of the activity are Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota states. The main attention will be paid to communications process concerned with the dissemination of stimuli and their perception, impact, use, and effectiveness (Hollensen, 2007). Media Release McBride Financial Advisors, LLC is one of the leading financial services providers proposing unique solutions and services to diver target audience. Out strength is low cost mortgage services based on the state-of-the-art technology. We treat every client as a friend and a part of out company helping to fulfill their dreams and life expectations. Recent years, international investment in financial assets is especially sensitive to changes in investors' expectations, including expected exchange rate devaluations that can spark massive outflows of funds. Indeed, during financial crises,

Globalization and Technological Revolution Term Paper

Globalization and Technological Revolution - Term Paper Example Organizations in the international arena typically follow low cost, low-risk entry strategies. Apart from low-risk organizations always consider the political, legal and economic factors of national environments. Accordingly, the competition for FDI would be based increasingly on cost differences between locations, the quality of infrastructure and business-related services, the ease of doing business, and the availability of skills. Organizations are attracted to FDI when they offered a competitive advantage over locals, a lower cost for labor and/or physical resources, secure access to physical resources, proximity to major markets and increased market share, Countries attract FDI if they provide certain facilities to organizations. In this regard, UNCTAD (2002) developed a 12 point criteria, named the inward FDI potential index capture several factors apart from market size (Appendix -1). Now we will analyze the case study- Ireland 2004. Starting with the concept of GDP as it refl ects the income of the people within the country; it also shows the capacity especially purchasing power of the people; it also reflects the demand for the commodities and services. As provided in the case study, the GDP per head (US$: market exchange rate) Ireland in 2003 is $ 37,911 and GDP per head (US$: Purchasing power parity) is 32, 916. Even the real GDP growth rate during 1999-2003 stood around 7.1%. Irish GDP grew at 9.9% per annum during the period 1996-2000. But the GDP growth has slowed down during 2003 due to weak global demand and several other factors. Now if we analyze Irish real GDP growth with most of the countries in Europe, US or Japan we find that GDP growth rate is much higher in Ireland in comparison to UK, France, Germany, US or Japan. So it shows that Ireland economy is expanding and the income level of people are going up which may result in an increase in demand. So companies have enough opportunities to invest in Ireland. The rate of growth of GPD over th e last 5 years when the reforms actually started is around 7-8% which could be seen as a remarkable growth rate if we compare it with other countries in the vicinity.

342 paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

342 paper 1 - Essay Example At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebears, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.’ The given exigencies captured in the speech accurately give an impression of a refined invention of President Obamas speech thereby making it effective .The first exigency expressed by President Obama talks about war which has caused the country both hatred and violence. (Poggi pg23)War is a menace that the country has faced with other countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan. (Mingolelli pg45) The president acknowledges the fact that war in America with other countries must come to a halt. The audience feels represented. The second exigency talks about a weakened economy that has resulted because of war. The president recognizes that economic growth plays a pivotal role in the development of a country. The American people agree with the presidency that economic growth would empower living standards in the country. (Nuhringpg67) This aspect arouses the audience. The third exigency talks about preparing the nation for a new age which would encompass all the individuals in America. In a nutshell President Obama states to the country that his leadership would be inclusive, participatory and consultative. The challenge lies in both the president and the people of America. President Obama was making references to segregation and slavery that Americans felt attached to emotionally .Such statements easily reach every American thereby building

Graceland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Graceland - Essay Example him a jail sentence twice and even landing him on the death row; it was only with the help of the intervention of his friends that he was able to escape a politically motivated execution. He migrated to the UK where he earned his Master’s in Gender and Culture from Birkbeck College in London and later an MA in English and a PhD in literature and creative writing from the University of Southern California. Abani later went on to become professor for creative writing and the University of California. Chris Abani has been called as one of the so called third generation of Nigerian authors, the ‘children of the post colony’, he is a breed of writers whose works have become integral to the publishing world of today. In this novel Abani leverages his unique perspectives of African and Western cultures in the context of multiculturalism, globalization and neocolonialism. One of the key compelling factors of this novel is its multifaceted approach that challenges and questions western and particularly American cultural, economic and colonial intervention into a globalized Africa. There is a richness in the novel which stems from Abani’s own multicultural perspectives and wealth of experiences from both within and without the power structure that offer a nuanced and complex portrait of modern day globalized Africa. In this regard Graceland shares a niche with such novels as Helen Oyeyemi’s ‘The Icarus Girl’, Sefi Atta’s ‘Everything g ood will come’, Unoma Azuah’s ‘Sky High’ all of which integrate Western and Nigerian themes in their quest to project a unique perspective of nuanced Nigerian culture in the light of the triple themes of Neocolonialism, multiculturalism and globalization. The resulting product is singularly unique in its depiction of intercultural themes, of an ethno-cultural fusion that represents the new age of integrated globalized hybridity so characteristic of the modern literary era. The novel is set in a Nigeria parallel to

Morality and Sister Essay Example for Free

Morality and Sister Essay Apr 27, 2009 It is a ve ry moving story and when I read the book I cried my eyes out. If you have not yet read the book, do yourself a favor and do so. Some issues I What is the major bioethical issue in my sisters keeper 4 answers19 Apr 2012 Parents: Who else has seen the movie my sisters keeper 3 answers19 Sep 2011 My Sisters Keeper! Moral Issues? Yahoo Answers3 answers17 Aug 2011 What was a social issue , in the movie My Sister 2 answers29 Mar 2011 More results from answers. yahoo.com CNS Movie Review: My Sisters Keeper www.catholicnews.com/data/movies/09mv069.htm‎ NEW YORK (CNS) The moral issues of My Sisters Keeper (New Line) are laid out for us even before the opening credits have finished rolling. Narrator My Sisters Keeper (Review of the Film, a tothesource article ecclesiaofwomen.ning.com/forum/topics/my-sisters-keeper-review-of‎ Jul 9, 2009 The film My Sisters Keeper depicts the confusion and suffering that The Island, My Sisters Keeper takes on a real-life issue commonly known as savior sibling. Technology, apart from any ethical or moral compass, has Ethical Issues On My Sister s Keeper Movie Free Essays 1 20 www.sparknotes.com †º †º Literature Study Guides †º My Sister’s Keeper‎ In 2004, Picoult published My Sisters Keeper. Like most of her works, the novel takes on a range of morally complex issues, from the ethics of genetic My Sisters Keeper Health, Social, Ethical and Moral Issues.

Contract Law Advice Style Answer

Contract Law Advice Style Answer Arron and Tracy have entered into three different types of contracts. Firstly, there is a contract for sale of goods between Tracy and HAL[1] for the purchase of the coffee machine. Secondly, there is a contract for service among Arron and Matthew for the decoration of the hallway. Then, there is a contract for sale of description between the Arron and the dog-seller for the purchase of dog. The contracts appeared to be consumer contracts, since they satisfied the requirements established under the Unfair Contract Terms Act[2]. Section 12[3] states that a person dealing under a consumer contract is when one party performed in the course of a business and not the other party. Moreover, the goods in consideration must be ‘of a type ordinarily supplied for private use’.[4] Section 2(1) of the Sale of Goods Act[5]states that for a consumer contract to exist there must be ‘a money consideration’. In application, it is clear that Arron and Tracy are consumers, whi ch are not acting in the course of the business, but we cannot say the same for the other parties. In the cases of Stevenson[6] and R B Customs[7], the term ‘in the course of a business’[8] is wisely explained, it is clear that the other parties who contracted with them are included. THE LUXURY COFFEE MACHINE* The purchase of the luxury coffee falls under the implied terms of s. 14 SGA[9], which says that the goods supplied must be of â€Å"satisfactory quality†. Under S.14 (2A)[10], the test is that of ‘a reasonable person’ would regard as satisfactory. Thus, when the coffee machine was bought no one will expect it to burn hands and to be unsafe (considering the criteria in s.14 (2B)[11] of the act. Here, it includes safety as per s.14 (2B) (d)[12]. Indeed, the General Product Safety Regulations 2005[13] has included electrical equipment as having a requirement to be safe, by being properly insulted. However, this is not the case when the coffee machine becomes too hot which is clearly unsafe. It is clear though that s.14[14] is in breached since the product supplied burnt hands by becoming too hot. Consequently, Tracy can return or ask for a refund of the price ( £150) and damages. Nevertheless, in order to entitle to this, it must be established that Tracy has not â€Å"accepted† the product. Otherwise, if it has taken place the remedy is damages only which will be under s.11 (4).[15] Furthermore, s.35 (4)[16] says that acceptance occurred when a buyer retain the goods for a certain period of time without intimating to the seller that she rejected it. The question of time had an extensive discussion about how long and what actually is a reasonable time. It was first established under the case of Bernstein[17], under which there was a maximum of 3 weeks. However, it was later replaced by Clegg[18] the actual law which provides a period of 7 months. In application, Tracy is visibly within the time limit, as she rejected the offer when she returns the coffee machine back to HAL. Furthermore, since Tracy paid the coffee machine with her credit card, she may have additional rights under the Consumer Credit Act 1974[19]. In fact, she enters into a consumer credit agreement which is defined under s.8 (1)[20] as an agreement between an individual and the creditor by which the creditor provides the debtor with credit of any amount. In application, this is the case when Tracy paid the product with her credit card define as ‘financial accommodation’ under s.9[21]. It was a regulated consumer credit agreement under s.8 (3)[22] as it was not an exempt agreement. It also constitutes a restricted use, according to the situation in the problem as per s.11 (b)[23] and a running account as per s.10 (1) (a)[24].Consequently, as the product is purchase with a credit card, there is a D-C-S agreement under s.12 (b)[25]; debtor: Tracy, creditor: Barclaycard and the supplier: HAL .In such a case, where there is a faulty product, which is the case Tracy has a ‘ like claim’ against the credit card company under s.75[26]. HAL and the credit card company are ‘jointly and severally liable’ for the aforementioned breach of S.14 SGA[27]. Therefore, Tracy has a claim against both HAL and Barclaycard. Indeed, if the claim against the shop is unsuccessful, then she is entitled to use s.75 as a shield. Furthermore, even if Vicky is not a party to the contract she might have a claim against HAL since the privity of contract was overcome by the narrow rule of Lord Atkin in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson.[28] Despite the fact, that she could claim under negligence it will be best to sue under Consumer Protection Act[29] since there is a strict liability. Vicky might claim a civil liability under Part I of CPA[30] which covered damage or personal injury caused by the faulty products, when her arm is burn. The coffee machine is defective as per s.3, since no one will generally expect the coffee machine to become too hot and unsafe. Therefore, she will be able to sue for damages. Moreover, there may be a potential criminal liability under Part II of CPA which covered damage caused by unsafe product. Certain goods need to satisfy the safety requirement under s.11 (1)[31]. Therefore, a failure to meet the safety regulations is a breach under s.12[32], but unless the product supply is unsafe which here is visibly the case. Additionally, HAL will try to rely on the exclusion clause. In order to be effective, the clause needs to satisfy certain legal rules. When Tracy went to return the coffee machine, she was pointed a notice which states â€Å"Sale items cannot be returned†. Applying the case of Olley[33], which established that for a notice to be incorporated it need to be before or at the time of the contract. Since, Tracy could not remember having seen the notice before; it is very likely that there clause was not incorporated. Even if the clause was valid, it will not make a difference because s6 (1) UCTA states that liability in consumer contract for breach of s.14[34] cannot be excluded. MATTHEW, THE DECORATOR* The contract between Arron and Matthew is governed by the Supply of Goods and Services 1982[35] since the substance of the contract is based on services. The SGSA[36] consist of two parts; Part 1 consists of the quality of goods supplied under the contract for the services and Part 2 is about the supply of services Under Part 1, there is an implied term that goods supplied on the part of the act to be of satisfactory quality and fit for purpose under s.4. This section mirror the provisions contain within s.14 (2A) and (2B) of SGA[37]. It should be noted that there is no provision equivalent to s11 (4) and s.35. Therefore, generally when Arron buys the wallpaper guaranteed to last 10 years he will expect the product to be of satisfactory quality and to durable as per the other relevant circumstances under s.4 (2A)[38] which mirror the provision of s.14 (2B) (e)[39]. But this was not the case when the wallpaper falls off the wall after six weeks. Unlike Part 1, which implied term concern the goods, Part 2 implies following terms concerning the supply of services. Contrarily, to Part 1 it is possible to exclude liability, under s.11 UCTA for breach under the service part of the contract. A contract for supply of services is defined under s12[40] as â€Å"a contract under which a person (the supplier) agrees to carry out a service.† Under Part 2 there is an implied term under s.13[41] that the services provided by the supplier will be carried out within a reasonable care and skill. It should be noted that s.13 implies generally accepted to be innominate term as in Hong Kong Fir[42] by depriving the innocent party of the whole benefit of the contract. This is clearly the case here when ‘the wallpaper fall off.’ Applying Nettleship v Weston[43], there is no defence even if the person claims to have to their incompetent best. Under, Bolam[44] if the skilled conforms within the standard required is of a reasonable competent member of the relevant trade, he will not be liable due to others different views. As established in Philips[45] , the services must be carried out with such a care as within the capacity of his degree of experience which he claimed to have .He must have a level of skill of such specialist which he holds to Arron as in Grieves.[46]Therefore, when Arron employed Matthew, he expected t he work to be done with a reasonable care and skill and not be fall off within six weeks. Clearly s.4[47] and s.13[48] are in breached. Consequently, Arron will be able to ask for damages since rejection will be impossible. The claim for recovery of damages is for the poor service or poor quality of materials used in the contract term, it includes actual damages for the failure of wallpaper which has not be achieved it result by holding on the wall and consequential damages for the money which Arron will have to expense to repair the breach. In order to entitle to this, Arron must have taken reasonable steps to mitigate his loss suffered, which require acceptance of offer from the defendant to rectify the matter, like under the case of Payzu.[49]It is clear that mitigation of loss had occurred when Arron suggested to Matthew that he should properly do the work again. Hence, Arron will be able to recover for the damages since he gives the opportunity to Matthew to redo the work properly. Additionally, Matthew tried to rely on the exclusion clause, when Arron tells him that he should properly ‘redo’ the work. An exclusion clause is used by a party in order to restrict or limit liability in an event of a breach of contract or any other specified circumstances. But, for it to be effective three legal conditions need to be consider; the common law, the UCTA and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999[50]. Under the common law, the clause must be incorporated and constructed. According to the scenario, the clause was incorporated by an express agreement since there is not enough information to state that a contract was signed between the parties. Therefore, it is very likely that the clause was incorporated. As for the construction of the clause, it must be established that in interpretation of the contract the clause cover the breach which has occurred. In application, the clause is constructed in a plain language but it does not cover the breach. Hereafter, the clause might not be hold as constructive by court. In addition, the statutory controls need to be considered. The legislation for exclusion clauses is governed by the provision under UCTA and UTCCR. The UCTA was created in order to protect the weaker party, for example the consumer. Under s.11(1), the reasonableness test need to be consider, under which the term must be fair and reasonable by including all circumstances ‘[†¦]which were or ought reasonable to have be known[†¦]’[51]. In the problem question, it is clear that the terms are not fair and reasonable since Matthew restricted the term of the contract for his own benefit and not for Arron (the consumer). He excluded all extra cost and loss arising out of the decorating services. The UTCCR will not be applicable due to lack of information about the presence of a contractual term or a standard form. Even if the exclusion clause is valid s.7[52]states that liability for consumer contracts for breach of s4 and s13 cannot be excluded. However, this liability can be excluded if satisfies the requirement of the reasonableness which is visibly not the case here. Arron might have a criminal liability against the producer for the commercial practices of the wallpaper through television advertising. The liability will be under Schedule 1 of the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008[53]which replaced some consumer protection legislation; like CPA Part 3 or even the TDA[54]. He can claim liability for misleading actions under Regulation 5. It occurs when a misleading information lead the average consumer to make a decisive reason to enter the contract. In application, it is clear that it is the 10 years old guarantee, which encourages Arron to buy this specific paper. This commercial practice clearly distinguished the product from the competitor (para.3 (a) of reg.5), was obviously a main characteristic of the product (para.4 (b) of reg.5) which makes him make a decisive decision in buying this product rather than the others. PUPPIES* The buying of pedigree dog is governed by the SGA. However, the effect of the statement must first be drawn, by stating whether it is a puff, a representation, a term or a sale by description. The difference between these statements will be established. A puff is a ‘mere boast or unsubstantiated claims’ which are used by advertisers for their products and services .An example is the case of Carlill[55]. Representations or contractual term are statements made in course of negotiation for a contract. While, a term of contract define as outcome to pre-contractual negotiation between parties can be distinct in two types; implied and express. It could also be a sale by description under s.13 which implied term is that the goods must ‘correspond’ to the words used for the description of the goods. In application, it is clear that is a sale by description where the adverts states that the dogs are ‘pedigree dogs’ with ‘friendly temperature’. S.13 is breached as the description is inaccurate and that the dogs are crossbreeds, aggressive and snappy. There is a strict liability under s.13 and the remedy, will allow Arron to reject the good and receive damages. Next, Arron has paid the pedigree dog with his credit card; he may have a claim under CCA. Under the CCA, a D-C-S agreement is established, under s12 (b) consisting of the debtor; Arron, the creditor; the credit card company (Barclaycard) and the supplier (the dog-seller). It may be that has a claim under s.75 where the creditor is jointly and severally liable with the supplier for the supplier misrepresentation and for breach of s.13 SGA. If, the claim is not successful under SGA against the supplier, Arron will be to use s.75 as a shield. Criminal liability is regulated by the regulation 5[56] for the false information which deceived the consumers. The false statement of the advert may lead to a criminal offence under reg.5 CPUTR which prohibits false information to be applied on goods. S.2 (2) (a), states that goods includes the descriptions and details of animals as per there ‘sex, breed or cross [†¦]’[57].Under s.3 (1)[58] explains the term of â€Å"false to a material degree†. In application, it is clear that the advert the newspaper is a material degree and that there is a breached of Reg 5. 2515 Word Count*(Excluding titles) Bibliography Primary Sources Cases: Bolam v Friern Hospital Management [1957] 1 WLR 582 Bernstein v Pamson Motors [1987] RTR 384 Carlill v The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Grieves Co Baynham [1975] 1 WLR 109 Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] EWCA Civ 7 Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691 Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949] 1 AII ER 127 Payzu Ltd. V Saunders [1919] 2 KB 581 Philips v William Whitely Ltd [1938] AII ER 566 RB Customs Brokers Ltd v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321 Stevenson v Rogers [1999] 1 All ER 613 Statutes and statutory instruments: Trade Description Act 1968 Consumer Credit Act 1974 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Sale of Goods Act 1979 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 Consumer Protection Act 1987 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulation 1999 Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 Secondary Sources Books: Nicholas Ryder, Margaret Griffiths, Lachmi Singh, Commercial Law (Principles and Policy), (First published 2012,Cambrige) Michael Furmston and Jason Chuah, Commercial Law,(2th edn, Pearson 2013) Chris Turner, UNLOCKING CONTRACT LAW,(First published 2004,Hodder Stoughton) Chapters in Books: Michael Furmston and Jason Chuah, Chapter 4 ‘Sale of Goods’: 4.8 Defective goods, Commercial Law,(2th edn, Pearson 2013) pg. 192-201 Chris Turner, Chapter 6 ‘The Obligations under a Contract : Term 6.1.2: Types of representation and their consequences, UNLOCKING CONTRACT LAW,(First published 2004,Hodder Stoughton) pg. 111-116 Websites and Blogs: Which? Consumer Right ‘Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982’ (2014) http://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/regulation/supply-of-goods-and-services-act-1982>accessed on 19 March 2014 Financial Ombudsman Service , oombudsman news  » issue 31  » credit cards equal liability under section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (sep 2003) http://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/publications/ombudsman-news/31/creditcards-31.htm> accessed on 25 March 2014 FindLaw UK, ‘Your rights under section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act’ http://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/consumer/consumer_credit/500520.html> accessed on 02 April 2014 BBC one Watchdog, ‘Supply of Services’(2014) http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mg74/features/consumer-law-supply-of-services> accessed on 06 April 2014 Out-Law.com, ’Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act’ (last update 2011) http://www.out-law.com/en/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-under-the-consumer-protection-act/> accessed on 09 April 2014 [1] Home Appliances Ltd [2] Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977; UCTA [3] Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [4] Section.12(1)(c) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [5] Sale of Goods Act 1979;SGA [6] Stevenson v Rogers [1999] 1 All ER 613 [7] RB Customs Brokers Ltd v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321 [8] Section 12 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [9] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [10] Section 14 (2A) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [11] Section 14 (2 B) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [12] Section 14 (2B) (d) Sale of Goods [13] General Product Safety Regulations 2005;GPSR [14] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [15] Section 11 (4) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [16] Section 35 (4) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [17] Bernstein v Pamson Motors [1987] RTR 384 [18] Clegg v Anderson [2003] EWCA Civ 1002 [19] Consumer Credit Act 1974;CCA [20] Section 8 (1) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [21] Section 9 Consumer Credit Act 1974 [22] Section 8 (3) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [23] Section 11 (b) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [24] Section 10 (1)(a) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [25] Section 12 (b) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [26] Section 75 Consumer Credit Act 1974 [27] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [28] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [29] Consumer Protection Act 1987:CPA [30] Consumer Protection Act 1987 [31] Section 11 (1) Consumer Protection Act 1987 [32] Section 12 Consumer Protection Act 1987 [33] Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd (1949) 1 ALL ER 127 [34] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [35] Supply of goods and Services Act 1982; SGSA [36] Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [37] Sale of Goods Act 1979 [38] Section 4 (2A) Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [39] Section 14(2B)(e) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [40] Section 12 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [41] Section 13 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [42] Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] EWCA Civ 7 [43] Nettleship v Weston [1962] 2 QB 691 [44] Bolam Fried Hospital Management [1957] 1 WLR 582 [45] Philips v William Whitely Ltd [1938] 1 ALL ER 566 [46] Grieves Co v Baynham [1975] QB 644 [47] Section 4 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [48] Section 13 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [49] Payzu Ltd v Saunders [1919] 2 KB 581 [50] Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999; UTCCR [51] S.11(1) of Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [52] Section 7 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [53] Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008; CPUTR [54] TDA:Trade Description Act 1968-largely repealed by CPUTR [55] Carlill v The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256 [56] Regulation 5 of Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 [57] Section 2(2)(a) of the Trade description Act 1968 [58] Section 3(1) of the Trade description Act 1968

International valuation method

International valuation method The objective of this research study is to development the best international valuation method for the valuation of hotel properties in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The target population is 50 respondents who coming from different valuation firm in the area of Kuala Lumpur. Among these respondents, there are 35 registered valuers and 15 property consultants are selected by convenience sampling technique. 70% of the respondents are registered valuers because their knowledge and skill of valuation are needed to achieve the goals in this research study. However, there are 30% of respondents are property consultants because they have different view points from registered valuers. Property consultants always keep abreast with the knowledge of new developments in property market. The Influence on Hotel Development from Tourism Industry: There are 68% of the respondents believe that the hotel industry will grows in parallel with the trend in tourism industry while 32% of the respondents disagree. The growth of tourism industry for the past few years. The future of tourism industry is predicted to grow in small trend. With the effort of government in order to encourage the growth of tourism industry, the number of tourism coming to Malaysia will increase and they will be staying for a longer period. In 30% of the respondents who are property consultants, the majority of property consultants which contribute 16% of property consultants agree with the statement while 14% of them disagree. Property consultants disagree because the hotel industry is just a portion of the property market which being encouraged by tourism industry in Malaysia. The Attraction of Hotel Industry in Malaysia: The secondary data in chapter 3 shows that the amount of tourists arrives in Malaysia is proportion to the equivalence amount of income received. Tourism ministry has aimed to generate more income through encouraging tourists stay longer and spend more in Malaysia. The hotels supply is hard to support the increasing amount of tourists. Thus, this gives a higher investment potential on hotel industry in property market. In the second question in questionnaire, there are 60% of respondents in the opinion that the potential of hotel industry is attracting investors. Property consultants and registered valuers believe that investors will undertake the opportunity to propose hotel development because the demand of hotel properties in Malaysia is high. However, there are 40% of respondents disagree with the statement. They believe that the investment potential in hotel industry encouraged by tourism industry is low because the hotel industry is just a small portion in property market. Thus, tourism industry has planned several programs to encourage investors to pay close attention to hotel industry. The Predicted Demand of International Valuation Standard for Hotel Properties in Malaysia: The third question shows the willingness to apply World Hotel Rating System is high. World hotel rating can gives standardize rating rate for the hotel properties. Thus, there are 82% of the respondents agree for the adoption of international valuation standard in the valuation of hotel properties is favored by investor in the forth question. The Comparison between International Valuation Methods and Malaysia Valuation Methods: Sales Comparison Approach and Comparison Method: There are 84% of respondents shown that sales comparison approach can replaces comparison method. The comparison between these two methods. The valuation process of these two valuation methods are the same. The market value of subject property determined by these methods is the adjusted transacted value from comparison between the subject property and similar comparable properties. However, the valuation techniques of these two valuation methods are similar. There are 16% of respondents disagree with the statement because the sales comparison approach is applied on the properties located nearby the boundary area among different countries while comparison method is just applied in Malaysia. Cost Approach and Cost Method: 98% of the respondents believe that the cost method can be replaces by cost approach. They assume that there are no potential buyer in real property will pay more for a property than the cost of buying a similar land and construct a similar building on it. Property consultants are fully agreed with the statement because the valuation processes and their valuation techniques of these two methods is the same. The market value of subject property is determined through summation of the land value and the building cost including any improvement value and depreciated value. The literature review has shown that these two methods are suitable for all type of property and they are the most reliable valuation methods for new or near-new property. This is because these valuation methods apply in the valuation of an older property, estimated depreciation on the construction cost for a new building need to be included. Income Approach and Investment Method: There are 62% of the respondents believe that the investment method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of investment method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Gross Income Multiplier Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is assessed by multiply the gross income multiplier with the gross income of the subject property. The gross income multiplier is derived by divide the transacted market value of similar comparable properties on the gross potential income. In 30% of the respondents who are property consultants, majority of 18% property consultants disagree with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as investment method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation of office buildings, shop lots and retails in shopping complex. These types of properties collect rentals from tenants as the main income stream. Income Approach and Profit Method: There are 66% of the respondents believe that the profit method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of profit method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Capitalization Rate Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate. The capitalization rate is derived by divide the transacted market value of similar comparable properties on the gross potential income determined through the analysis of recent comparable sales. In the 30% of respondents who are property consultants, majority of 16% of them are disagreed with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as profit method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation of business property such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. These types of properties are income-producing properties with not recently transacted. Income Approach and Residual Method: There are 60% of the respondents believe that the residual method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of residual method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Discounted Cash Flow Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is determined by the capitalized the amount of discounted the prospective net future income with discounted rate. The Discounted Rate is derived by estimating the risk involved through analyzing the historical data. In the 30% of respondents who are property consultants, majority of 22% of them are disagreed with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as residual method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation for proposed development. This valuation technique is used to justify the feasibility and viability of the proposed development. Factors that Influence the Selection of Valuation Method: There are 92% of respondents agreed with the statement while 8% of respondents disagreed. Majority of respondents believe that the factors stated above will not affect the selection of valuation methods but they are showed in their market value. The analysis result from interviews show the market value of hotel properties is higher when the hotel managements are doing well and the hotel rating is high. Chapter Three has determined the hotel managements will influence the profit margins and will influence hotel rating. Hotel property with higher rating are provides better facilities and services to satisfy customer demand. The analysis result from interviews show the different type of hotel has its own market value but market value for the hotel property with fully equipped hotel accommodations and facilities is higher. Chapter Three has determined the hotel accommodations and facilities according to the types of hotels such as world class facilities is provided in luxury hotels while part of the facilities in mid-range hotels and few of facilities in budget hotels. The Application of International Valuation Methods in the Valuation of Hotel Properties in Malaysia: There are 74% of respondents supported the application of International Valuation Methods in the Valuation of Hotel Properties in Malaysia. They believe that the international valuation methods are suitable for the valuation of hotel property because the trend of hotel industry is internationalized. Chapter Three has determined hotel industry in Malaysia is growing and tourism ministry has encouraged investors enter hotel industry that provides higher investment potential in property market. Chapter Two has reviewed that the analysis results of in comparison of International Valuation Methods and Malaysia Valuation Methods shows they have the same valuation processes and similar valuation techniques. There are 26% of respondents disagreed with the statement. They believe that the hotel properties located in Malaysia have no need of International Valuation Methods for the valuation since Malaysia Valuation Methods are functioning well to determine the market value of hotel properties. The Sequence of Influence Factors that Affect the Market Value of Hotel Properties: Types of Hotels: There are 44% of respondents selected the types of hotels as the smaller influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. Based on their opinions, different types of hotels are located at different location and provided with different facilities that will influence the market value of subject property. Chapter Three has determined the different types of hotels provide hotel facilities differently according to the types of hotels such as luxury hotels provided fully equipped world class facilities while part of facilities in mid-range hotels and few of facilities in budget hotels. Besides, Chapter 3 has reviewed the different types of hotels located differently. Luxury hotels are located in popular tourist destinations surrounded by shopping areas, business district and world- famous landmarks. Mid-range hotels are located near to the business and shopping district while Budget hotels are located far from tourism hotspots that required certain travelling distance. Hotel Ratings: There are 40% of respondents selected hotel ratings as the bigger influence factors that affect the market value of hotel properties. Based on their opinions, hotel properties with higher rating contain higher market value because hotel properties with high rating have higher profit margin. Chapter 3 has determined hotels are rated through star classification system based on the facilities and services provided. Hotel properties with a higher rating have provided the best accommodations and services that customers are content for their staying. The analysis result from interviews shows the 40% of respondents believe that hotel rating is a system that shows the performance in its services and accommodations provided for customers. Thus, this factor is chosen as the bigger influence in the market value of hotel property because it reflects the type of hotel properties, location and the services and accommodations of that hotel property. Hotel Managements: There are 54% of respondents selected hotel managements as the biggest influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. They believe that good hotel managements have the highest potential to bring the highest satisfaction of customers needs. Chapter Three has determined that hotel managements play an important role that bring a track in develop plans to achieve the profit targets through efficient use of human resource and technology. Hotel managements have been computerized in hotel accommodations and services management, administration management, working capital management, and employee benefit programs. Based on the selection by property consultants, there is a shape of V from the smallest influence towards the biggest influence. 8% of property consultants select it as the smallest influence factor. They believe that the effect of this factor is not significant because the market value of hotel properties with good management that located far from the tourist hotspot are lower than hotel properties with poor management that located near the tourist hotpot. Hotel Accommodations: There are 50% of respondents selected hotel accommodations as the smallest influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. They believe that the accommodations are provided in according to the types of hotel properties. Chapter Three has reviewed the accommodations for hotels are classified into full-service and limited services that are considered by their customers. Hotels with limited-services provide part of facilities and moderate accommodations that they targeted their customers are who willing to have lower room prices while full-services hotels provide various facilities and higher class accommodations. The analysis result from interviews shows the 50% of respondents believe that different class accommodations are provided by different types of hotels in according to different hotel development plans. This factor is chosen as the smallest influence in the market value of hotel property because it is according to the type of hotel properties, location and hotel management. The Sequence of the Factors that Affect The Valuation of Hotel Properties: From the selection of the smallest influence factors affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 50% of respondents selected hotel accommodations because they believe that the accommodations are provided in according to the types of hotel properties. From the selection of the smaller influence factors affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 44% of respondents selected the types of hotels because they believe that different types of hotels are located at different location. From the selection of the bigger influence factors that affect the market value of hotel properties, there are 40% of respondents selected hotel ratings because they believe hotel ratings have reflects the type of hotel properties, location, services and accommodations provided in that hotel property. From the selection of the biggest influence factors that affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 54% of respondents selected hotel managements. They believe that good hotel managements have the highest potential to bring the highest satisfaction of customers needs. Thus, the sequence from the smallest influence factor to the biggest influence factor that affect the market value of hotel properties is hotel accommodations, types of hotels, hotel ratings and hotel managements. The Selection of The Best Valuation Method for The Valuation of Hotel Properties: The Condition of Hotel Property: Fully-Built Hotel Property: This is a condition where fully-built hotel properties undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 66% of respondents who select profit method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 52% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that these two valuation method have included the value of profit potentiality or service potential. Based on their experience, the transaction of hotel properties mostly are built-operate transfer. There are 34% of respondents who select cost method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 46% of respondents select cost approach as the best International Valuation Method. The analysis result shows that there are transactions where the owner would like to disposal his hotel properties. However, this situation is less than built-operate-transfer. Under-Construction Hotel Property: This is a condition where under-construction hotel properties undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 60% of respondents who select residual method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 66% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that these two valuation methods are used because they can justify the future profitability for those under-construction hotel properties. There are 24% of respondents who select cost method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 34% of respondents select cost approach as the best International Valuation Method. Based on their experience, there are disposal of under-construction hotel properties due to financial problem of that proposed developer. However, that situation is less. These two valuation methods are mostly used for the purpose of fire insurance. Proposed Hotel Property: This is a condition where proposed hotel developments undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 88% of respondents who select residual method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 94% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that the market value of hotel properties determine by these two valuation method have considered development potential with undergo the determination of feasibility and viability of that proposed development. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of residual method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Discounted Cash Flow Technique. The prospective income generated apply in valuation process are estimated based on the principle of highest and best use through analyzing by comparable data. The Purpose of Hotel Valuation: Lending Purposed: Chapter Three has determined that valuation of hotel properties for lending purpose is required by the banks and other financial institutions for loan security, mortgages or debentures used for hotel development. The market value of charged property is determined with undergo market study and feasibility study to ascertain the level of demand of that subject property and the viability of that proposed project. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 86% of respondents selected residual method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 92% of respondents selected income approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods undergo discounted cash flow technique that the market value of hotel properties has involve development potential after the feasibility and viability of that proposed development is determined. Fire Insurance: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for fire insurance purpose is needed for fire insurance contract and policy or renewal of fire insurance contract and new policy. The market value of subject property that determined in this valuation is the reinstatement cost for a new. It may be valued for a new policy or a renewal for that fire insurance contract. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 82% of respondents selected cost method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 84% of respondents selected cost approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of property by the replacement value through analyzing the cost of the land and building. They are the best valuation method to determine the property value as new. Financial Reporting: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for financial reporting purpose requires companies show their balance sheets of the subject property held under investment or business. The market value of subject property has included the profit potentiality or service potential. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 56% of respondents selected profit method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 72% of respondents selected income approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate from the analysis from the balance sheets. They are suitable these type of business properties which are not recently transacted such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. Sales and Purchase: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for sale and purchase purpose requires companies show their balance sheets of the subject property held under investment or business. The market value of subject property has included the profit potentiality or service potential. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 82% of respondents selected cost method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 78% of respondents selected cost approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate from the analysis from the balance sheets. They are suitable these type of business properties which are not recently transacted such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. Submission for Securities Commission: Compulsory Acquisition: Rating Valuation: The Business Proposal of Hotel Development: Joint-Venture: Management Contract: Corporation: The Selection of The Best International Valuation Method: The Selection of The Best Malaysia Valuation Method: The Comparison between The Best International Valuation Method and The Best Malaysia Valuation Standard:

The Abandonment of the Jews by David Wyman Essays -- Jewish Holocaust

The Abandonment of the Jews by David Wyman â€Å"To kill the Jews, the Nazis were willing to weaken their capacity to fight the war. The United States and its allies, however, were willing to attempt almost nothing to save them† (Pp 5). If we would have put half as much energy into loving the Jews as Hitler spent hating the Jews we could have made a great difference. Wyman’s book, The Abandonment of the Jews was very intriguing to me. Although I found it very thorough it left me wanting to know how something this horrible could have been allowed to happen. Although Wyman does discuss why more was not done, I am still horrified that this was allowed to happen. Wyman proves that the US should and could have done more to help the dying Jews. I found a reoccurring theme to be that a large problem was that Jewish people had nowhere to go. No one wanted them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book begins by giving a brief background into the setting of America at the onset of the war. It details an anti-Semitic America. It also explains most of the anti-Semitism as passive, which ordinarily would do little harm, but during a holocaust crisis became a reason for America’s inaction. The book then jumps right into the emergence of information that became available. The first major report was the Bund report. This estimated the number of victims to already be over 700,000. This report and the ones to follow were hard to believe. The state departments skepticism kept the news from reaching the media for several months. They were convinced that the deportations were for slave labor even though this explanation has huge flaws. As more reports of the mass murders developed they were finally confirmed, 17 months after the first killing began. One of the first steps taken was that seven different Jewish organizations came together to form the Temporary Committee. They decided on 5 steps of action and after obtaining them they dissolved the committee without much accomplished. Some of the steps included press announcements, a national day of mourning, and a meeting with President Roosevelt. The committee wanted action but had prepared no proposals. All they left with from their meeting with FDR was an agreement that the president would warn Germany of war crimes. This was the only meeting FDR granted to Jewish leaders. In December 1942 the UN Declaration was signed by the 3 main allies... ...to be able use this as an example and as a bargaining tool to convince other countries to do the same, but the small effort did not convince anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The War Refugee Board may have saved as many as 200,000 Jews, but it was in no way as effective as it should have been. The two biggest downfalls were that it was not funded properly and it was established too late.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sad fact is that during the time when humanity needed our help the most we let red tape, fear and greed keep us from helping. Wyman suggests many options that were available to help that would not have harmed our military effort yet we refused to try. We are now stuck with this burden of not knowing. Unfortunately they were not American nor were they British. Even worse they were not only foreigners but also Jews. Wyman suggests this is a huge reason why we were not willing to save them. After reading this book the conclusion to a pageant meant to inform Americans of the Nazi atrocities has stuck with me. The corpse of a people lies on the steps of civilization. Behold it. Here it is! And no voice is heard to cry halt to the slaughter, no government speaks to bid the murder of human millions end(pp91).

The Romantic Hero in Goethes Faust Essay -- Papers Essays Goethe Faus

The Romantic Hero in Goethe's Faust Works Cited Not Included Long hailed as the watershed of Romantic literature, Goethe’s Faust uses the misadventures of its hero to parallel the challenges that pervaded European society in the dynamic years of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Faust is the prototypical Romantic hero because the transformation of his attitudes mirrors the larger transformation that was occurring in the society in which Goethe conceived the play. Faust’s odyssey transports him from adherence to the cold rationale of the Enlightenment to a passion for the pleasures that came to define the Romantic spirit. Faust not only expresses the moral contradictions and spiritual yearnings of a man in search of fulfillment, but also portrays the broader mindset of a society that was groping for meaning in a world where reason no longer sufficed as a catalyst for human cultural life. The period of German Romanticism in which Goethe wrote Faust was plagued with the same intrinsic turmoil that Faust himself felt prior to making his deal with Mephisto. The destruction that the French Revolution had exacted on the European consciousness was evident in the attitudes of the people most touched by the tumult of the era – people who came to realize that absolution was no longer a pertinent intellectual goal. The cold rationale of the Enlightenment was no longer adequate to explain the significance of life in a society where everything had so recently been turned upside down. Romanticism was the expression of this society’s craving for answers and fulfillment. Everywhere, people embraced life passionately and lived as... ...emption, despite her sins, because â€Å"all her crime was love† (line 4501). Goethe’s Faust is a work in which a new type of hero emerges to satisfy the needs of a changing society. With Faust, Goethe succeeded in representing a microcosm of the tensions that accompanied the shift from rationalism to Romanticism. Complex and dynamic, Faust, like the great men of his era, is a hero whose most notable achievement is his transformation of the lives of others as well as his own. In this respect, the lesson of the Romantic hero is comprised less of romance than of utility. Following the trends of the Goethe’s contemporary evolving society, the means by which Faust succeeds in accomplishing his goals are largely selfish, brutal, and unethical. This is perhaps Goethe’s single greatest reflection on the modern nature of heroism.

The Assylum Seeker

My name is Ali and I come from Libya . After a week of roughing it on a empty carriage of a cargo train and then hiding on the deck of a fishing trawler I had arrived in England. Cold, frightened and hungry though I was, I had still made it! For the first time in many years a smile revisited my face. As a man and woman accompanied by two children, strolled past, that moment of triumph quickly passed and soon was replaced with a great sadness for the family that I had left back in Libya. My wife and my two children, how were they coping? hat were they doing at this moment? A yawning pit of dread opened inside me as I walked down the ramps and through the docks. I was climbing the ladder of uncertainty. Countless questions swirled in my mind none of which I had the answer to. Were the people here friendly? Were they going to accept me, but most importantly would all my efforts bear fruit? Pushing these thoughts from my mind I nurtured the determination within me, letting it flare brightly. I was going to get in, my familly was counting on me. I would not let them throw me out without a fight. As I wandered through the streets people cast ugly glances at me and muttered in hushed tones. Blanking them, I carried on. A tall man dressed in black and wearing a funny looking black domed hat approached me. Trying to avoid a confrontation I walked quickly in the other direction. Glancing back I saw that the man was talking rapidly into a device in his hand and had started chasing after me. Not knowing what else to do, I stopped and put my hands in front of me disarmingly. Walking briskly up to me, he searched me, not finding anything he then promptly shoved me against the nearest wall and handcuffed me. Feeling confused and helpless I shouted and struggled, no one moved to help. How could they let this happen? Where was the local law enforcement? This was a regular occurance in Libya, but here as well? Only later that night in a county jail cell, (a jail cell which was warm and dry! ) was it made clear to me that the man who had handcuffed me was a police officer. That night I was given food and water and there was actually meat! Along with filling bread which smelled so delicious, Mmmmmm. I had never been so grateful in my life for this and ate with great care. The next day I was interrogated agonisingly. ‘Me seek a-ssylum. ‘ I said quickly. ‘Ok, ok. ‘ said the officer reassuringly. ‘What is your name? ‘ ‘Me Ali. ‘ I managed to stutter in broken English. ‘Where do you come from? ‘ asked the officer slowly. Repeating the question again, ‘W-h-e-r-e-d-o-y-o-u-c-o-m-e-f-r-o–m-? After a long pause, ‘I—- I–I, I c-ccome from Li-b-y-a. ‘ I said struggling. ‘Do you have any identification? ‘ asked the officer patiently. I shrugged helplessly, ‘Me see-eek ass-y–lum. ‘ I said again. At that moment the officer motioned to someone behind the door. A tall man with a hard set face entered the room. ‘This man is from the Home Office. ‘ said the officer. ‘He will evaluate your claim for assylum. ‘ ‘Come with me. ‘ said the man icily. I took a grateful breath of much needed fresh air as we stepped into the cold wet morning. Wasting no time we got into a black van and then drove for over an hour. Finally we reached our destination, a looming office building which rose over 30 metres in the air. My heart started beating faster as I got out of the van. Offering no reasurance and seemingly blind to my situation the man started for the building. Now heart in my throat, I quickly followed on legs that were about to collapse. All my previous resolve had dissapated and no matter how hard I tried I could not summon any back. An hour into the interview, I was sweating profoundly through every pore, by now my throat was parched and there was a vast wet patch on my backside and all along my back. The air itself seemed to be wrapping itself more and more tightly around me, suffocating me. Speaking in Arabic to the translator I made one last desperate speech. ‘Please, there is no element of freedom in our lives, my family works for a 14 hour day and still find it hard to buy the basic necessary essentials. Most importantly we see no future for our children, they need to focus on their education but they can't, seeing as they have to work aswell as study in order for us to have enough money to live on. Rita who is ten years old wears the clothes that her sister has grown out of since we cannot afford new clothes. Neither I nor my wife want this life for our children. ‘ Slumping into my chair drained, I waited for the translator to translate what I had just said. The home office official stood up to make his decision, I tensed†¦.. As I stepped back into the fresh air I breathed out deeply. Being preoccupied with worry and anticipation, I became aware of the surroundings which I didn't notice before, the flowers, the line of trees and towering buildings in the distance. This was a world apart from where I had grown up. I would lay down a new life here. Now to get my family through.

Management style of Mahatma Gandhi Essay

The name, Mahatma Gandhiji evokes the image of fair play personified, who has been worship by masses and classes equally. Who is known to be thinker, philosopher, drawing card, politician, saint and m what perpetually a nonher(prenominal) oft convictions roles for which he donned the caps simultaneously. The gentle human races gentle care principles that his biography reflects, are essential part of modern management pr conductices. 1. nonch the talkMahatma Gandhiji lived simple life. He intrustd in do as you speculate. course session and urge was not una exchangeable for him. His life had been escaped book for whateverbody to read. Ir keepive of the constituent he continuously held up to his honorable care fors that he used to pr all(prenominal) to one and all. His walk the talk had m some(prenominal) admirers in British camp, and m all excommunicate by his rectitudefulness. In right aways organizations, batch honor and follow leading whose words are no d ifferent than their fulfils. Companies, who devour deep rooted gloss of walk the talk, win over customers and win beyond expectations. 2. Lead by simulationMahatma Gandhiji has been a bang-up attr serveion who conduct by example. Be it subatomicer initiatives alike living simple life, fight for untouchables or bigger drifts like non cooperation, salt march, drop out India, he has led by example. He led from front. People believed him because he did himself what he expected from them to do. We have faith and aver in draws and managers who lead by example. Who tread the path themselves head start on which they want new(prenominal) to follow. Faith is the heavy requisite in the organizations and those who lead by example commands enough of it. Lead by example command respect, do not demand respect. 3. piss impeccable and in effect(p) printThe rat Mahatma Gandhiji is one of the owing(p)est brands which has been enlightening and moving mickle since decades togethe r. This brand has been built on oneness, transparentness, quality, truthfulness and connectivity with each single person. It has wound up connect quite an than sagacious connect with its audience. Great brands commands emotional connect with its consumers. The great brands footing on the impeccable platform of transparency and truthfulness. razeing you are in any case a brand personified the Brand You. 4. Strategize in line with getable optionsThe whole immunity movement of Mahatma was base on the principle of non hysteria. in that respect was no other way he could get off with the mighty British Empire. The biggest resource was hollow handed, inspired masses. He utilized this resource in the most efficient way. He strategized all action on non violence and moved masses to fulfill the objectives. Managing and excelling with accessible resources is the key to success for the organizations. Efficiency in every(prenominal) aspect of business and utilizing the on t ap(predicate) resources diligently is the hall mark of great management teams. Strategy moldiness(prenominal) be do and implemented looking into the resources available. 5. Build great team and work for a plebeian causeMahatma Gandhiji had built a great team of attractors from divers(a) flavours and principles. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajgopalachari, Valabbh Bhai Patel, Jinnah and many others worked in tandem for a communal cause freedom of India. They complemented each other. The team also had a great work bench strength. Great attractors build great teams with members who complement each other. It has leading at all aims. It has great bench strength which grabs the baton and continue the unravel for common cause. Organizations with great teams have pissed force to conquer the market. 6. Engage peopleMahatma Gandhiji enthralled and engaged people like a magician. He was apt in the art of making people return everything for the cause. In every single movement he led for Indias freedom, he pulled the people together for a common mission. Every one of them was so engaged that they are ready to go to any extent to achieve the goal of Indias freedom. Gallup Inc., a research-based performance-management consulting company, has shown that engaged employees are more than productive and more likely to halt with the organization. Engage them with common cause, a common goal, a common mission which essential be lived every moment by them. Engaged employees are key to richness for organizations. Mahatma Gandhiji exhibited this lesson broad ago. It is still as very much relevant as was at that time. There are many priceless gems in Mahatma Gandhijis life. His philosophy is applicable in every facet of life. You moreover regard getting one beat underneath and digging the gems out for yourselves.Social Orientation- mutualness on teamsFor Gandhiji, the interests of the group are of spirited importance. He believed that the needs of the community and the service of process of the poor should always override every selfish or individual interest. (Alexander, 1984) His press was that every village in India to make out a self-supporting and self-contained entity, much like a team environment in directlys corporations. These villages would donation selective information or commodities with other villages where they are not locally producible. (Andrews, 1949) teams in at onces organizations often must care information with other teams in ordinate to work more efficiently. Take for example, the nurture Engineering Associates (IEA) department inside DuPont Corporation. Because of knowledgeable marketing within the company and share of their expertise, the IEA department was able to move from team to team, sharing their knowledge and improving the information technology service within the corporation. No secretion-Hiring PoliciesGandhiji believed in the ancient caste formation, notwithstanding he entirely refused to have anyt hing to do with the idea of untouch king. He refused to regard any caste as superior in rank. He regarded men and women equally as his brothers and sisters, treating them in every single act of life as equals. Even at present, an make-up is not supposed to discriminate plot of ground hiring fueldidates. Gandhijijis philosophy of no discrimination is gathern in the hiring policies of an organisation.Before launching a public campaign or action that will impinge on society, it is brisk to bring to your mind the face of the poorest and the weakest man whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him this has always been the advice of Gandhijiji. Compare this with what often happens in the business world. The grievances of individuals whether they are of employees or customers are called into question and denied redress by citing the company policy or by contending that the companys image would be adversely affected in the l ong run. Non cooperationThe doctrine of non-cooperation was the genius of Mahatma Gandhiji. He believed that even up the most oppressive government derived its indorsement from the consent, implicit though, of the oppressed. If only the people showed confrontation and turned their backs on the government, it would collapse and be pauperised, sooner or later. For the chief executive director of a company, non-cooperation is a stark admonisher of the imperative to win the loyalty and free grace of his employees. A business enterprise cannot be run by coercion and compulsion. military volunteer cooperation by the employees can be secured only by providing adequate opportunities for their self-development and self-management. TransperancyTruth and transparency are the hallmark of Gandhijian philosophy. This holds good eminently for the business world too. For a management to be effective and enduring, it has to be an open book, subjecting itself to public scrutiny. Ethics and eth icaly, by which Gandhijiji apparel store.Time long-term outlookGandhi believed that economical maturement should proceed in accordance with nature and between people, even if that festering was backwarder and more gradual than growth brought on by heavy manufacturing and high technology. (Prabhu, 2001) Gandhi was always more bear on with the means then about the ends. (Alexander, 1984) structure a tuition organization takes time and effort. The leader responsible with incorporating change within an organization must have a complete view of the big picture. Promoting any type of change can be difficult, but the leader must always keep site of the final destination. mental synthesis trust in an organization takes time. Team members must trust the leader and believe what s/he says in social club for them to willingly follow. Gandhi believed that the rule of community manner must be found through and through long practice. This was the best for all involved. (Alexander, 198 4) Gandhi rated font building higher than book tuition. He had no use for an instructional ashes that was geared to moneymaking. (Nanda, 1985) Within an organization, open communication and honesty is highly valued. A leader with a strong character has integrity and integrity is important within an organization. Gandhi snarl it was important to understand that theperception of truth undergoes an ongoing process of refinement, which is evolutionary in nature. (Murphy, 1991) He felt that the process of learning was evolving. Learning within an organization evolves with time. The learning curve may be slow at first, but as more people learn they become cocksure in their abilities and are content with their work.Gandhijiji the leaderGandhijiji was one of the best leaders that India ever had. Now, what is it that made Gandhijiji so great and triple-crown? What made his lead successful was a steadfast designing and his listening to his midland calling. Both, purpose and calling were built on values like truth, justice, love, non-violence, and charity. He neither benefited of ainity development- nor communication-, organization-, management- or lead-trainings nor good looks. What made him strong was his inner voice, his beliefs and convictions, which were giving him management and credibleness, because he lived what he preached one man can make a diversion strength comes not from physical mental ability but from an indomitable will leadership by example is the most effective. He believed in the following few concepts when it came to leadership or life in worldwide Gandhiji was known for the trust he was granting everyone. He saw the good in people and believed in them. What he developed were warmth relationships which aside trust were built on mutual respect and non-violence. While managing relationships Gandhiji showed an gigantic integrity towards himself and towards others, who were sometimes harshly oppose stakeholders. Like this he remai ned transparent, credible, and trustworthy. Hence, he could openly, freely follow his path and his purpose. And he was a master in changing small things with an enormous effect for the big picture. This is how he reached his vision with short term targets and a great patience.Many of his sayings are praised by westbounders, because they are so close to Western leadership teachings about solution-oriented managing which allows mistakes Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes or what Americans use to say by Walk the talk seems to be included in Gandhijis blessedness is when what you think, what you say and what you do are in harmony. Gandhijis values, beliefs and convictions are a mite to aleaders spot shaped by care and by deep motivation. They are also a powerful means for conflict management, a basically daily reality of every manager or leader round the world. Leaders in todays volatile environment must also possess these characteri stics for which Gandhiji believed in. A leader today must be honest, forward-looking, inspiring, and competent.Kouzes and Posner (1996) state that the first law of leadership is, If you dont believe in the messenger, you wont believe the message. A leader must be truthful and honest in order for people to follow. As many have said, a leader must walk the talk. But without following there would be no leaders, accordingly the first milestone toward earning leadership credibility is clarity in personal values. hierarchal organizational structures operate from the top down. The workers at the bottom are dominated and told what to do and when to do it. Gandhiji felt that the people should realise their own destiny in belittled groups. He believed that independence must lead off at the bottom, that self-rule could not be imposed on people from above. He believed that self-rule or self-government must first be nurtured, through education and example. This education must start at the l ocal or village level and then be encouraged to administer out into larger communities.Leaders in todays organizations must have strong values and a belief in the capacity of individuals to grow. In other words, they empower others within the organization. They envision a society in which they wish to see their organizations and themselves live. They are visionaries and believe strongly in their ability in shaping the time to come and they do not hesitate to act on these beliefs through their own personal behavior and actions. They energize the organization as a whole. When compared to Gandhijis leadership principles, you can see that Gandhiji had a rock-solid value system and he wanted to make major(ip) changes in society. He had a entirely interdependent relationship with his followers, as he was often seen walking with commoners as hale as having high tea with dignitaries. He leadership style incorporated the quartette Es Envision, Enable, Empower, and Energize. Gandhiji belie ved that one must not offend or suckle any uncharitable thoughts toward anything or anyone even when one considers themselves your enemy. This principle is not remote the value system that leaders of today should have. A leader in todays organization must be honest and patient when dealing with customers and fellow workers.Generally people will not willingly follow a corrupt person especially through a crisis period, which is not all that uncommon passim a project lifecycle. A leader should also respect other people, and value different ideas and opinions. Because organizations are becoming progressively diverse and expanding across cultural boundaries, a leader should be aware of and respect these differences.Satyagraha begins with reasoning with ones opponent or resister in an attempt to arrive at a just solution. Neither a person has a monopoly on the truth nor is either side wholly correct. The purpose is to work out a rational compromise that is agreeable to both sides. A leader must have the ability to communicate and diffuse disagreeable topographic points. Conflicts course occur between individuals who are torrid about something. Often a leader must stand the neutral ground and help facility a win-win situation when dealing with conflicts.